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2025 WAEC Geography Questions and answers
2025 WAEC Geography Questions and answers
WAEC GEOGRAPHY THEORY ANSWERS
NUMBER ONE
(1a)
(i)Rapid population growth: Developing countries often experience high rates of urbanization as people migrate from rural areas to cities in search of opportunities.
(ii)Informal settlements:
Due to rapid urbanization and lack of affordable housing, many urban areas in developing countries have a significant presence of informal settlements or slums.
(iii)Inadequate infrastructure: Urban areas in developing countries often struggle with inadequate infrastructure, including limited access to clean water, sanitation, electricity, and transportation.
(iv)High levels of unemployment and
poverty: Despite the opportunities that cities offer, many urban residents in developing countries face high levels of unemployment and poverty.
(v)Social and economic
inequalities: Urban areas in developing countries often exhibit significant social and economic inequalities, with disparities in access to resources, opportunities, and services.
(1b)
(i)Food supply: Urban areas depend on rural settlements for their food supply, as rural areas are often the primary producers of agricultural products.
(ii)Labor force: Rural areas often provide a labor force for urban industries and services, as people migrate from rural areas to cities in search of employment.
(iii)Natural resources: Urban areas depend on rural areas for natural resources, such as water, timber, and minerals.
(iv)Recreation and tourism: Rural areas often provide recreational and tourist opportunities for urban residents, offering a break from the hustle and bustle of city life.
Cultural and social
(v)connections: Urban areas often maintain cultural and social connections with surrounding rural areas, as many urban residents have family and cultural ties to rural communities.
(2a)
The balance of trade is the difference between a country’s total value of exports and its total value of imports over a specific period.
(2b)
(i)Demand for raw materials: Developed countries often require raw materials and agricultural products that are abundant in Tropical Africa.
(ii)Demand for manufactured goods: Tropical African countries often need manufactured goods and technologies that are produced in developed countries.
(iii)Investment: Foreign direct investment from developed countries can help boost production and trade in Tropical Africa.
(iv)Trade agreements: Trade agreements between Tropical African countries and developed countries can reduce trade barriers and promote trade.
(v)Transportation: Improvements in transportation infrastructure, such as ports and roads, can facilitate trade.
(2c)
(i)Increased economic growth: Trade can increase economic growth by allowing countries to specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage.
(ii)Access to new markets: International trade provides access to new markets for Tropical African products, which can lead to increased sales and revenue.
(iii)Access to technology: International trade can provide access to new technologies and know-how, which can help to improve productivity and efficiency.
(iv)Job creation: International trade can create new jobs in export-oriented industries.
WAEC GEOGRAPHY
NUMBER THREE
(3a)
Pipeline transportation is the method of transporting liquids and gases through a system of pipes from one location to another. It is commonly used for the movement of petroleum products, natural gas, and water over long distances in a safe, efficient, and continuous manner.
(3b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Crude oil
(ii) Natural gas
(iii) Petrol (gasoline)
(iv) Diesel
(v) Water
(vi) Liquid chemicals
(3ci)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It helps to reduce road congestion and traffic accidents.
(ii) It is a cost-effective means of transporting large volumes over long distances.
(iii) It requires less maintenance compared to road and rail transport.
(iv) It provides a steady and uninterrupted flow of products.
(v) It minimizes environmental pollution when well-maintained.
(vi) It reduces the need for storage and handling at multiple points.
(3cii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Vandalism and theft often lead to loss of products and damage.
(ii) The initial cost of constructing pipelines is very high.
(iii) Leakages and bursts can cause serious environmental pollution.
(iv) Construction and maintenance are difficult in remote or forested areas.
(v) Pipelines have fixed routes and limited flexibility.
(vi) Communities may be displaced during the laying of pipelines.
WAEC GEOGRAPHY
NUMBER FIVE
(5a)
(i)Latitude: Areas closer to the equator generally receive more rainfall than those further away.
(ii)Prevailing Winds: The direction and moisture content of winds influence rainfall patterns.
(iii)Altitude: Higher elevations tend to receive more rainfall than low-lying areas.
(iv)Distance from the Coast: Coastal regions receive more rainfall compared to inland areas.
(5b)
(i)High Rainfall: Sub-equatorial regions experience high annual rainfall, often exceeding 1500 mm.
(ii)High Temperatures: Temperatures are consistently high throughout the year.
(iii)Short Dry Season: The dry season is relatively short and less intense compared to other parts of Nigeria
WAEC GEOGRAPHY
NUMBER SIX
(6a)
A flood plain is a flat, low-lying area of land found along the sides of a river, which is periodically flooded when the river overflows its banks. It is formed mainly by deposition of sediments during flooding.
(6b)
[DRAW THE DIAGRAM]
=CHARACTERISTICS OF A FLOOD PLAIN=
(i) Flood plains are usually broad, flat areas adjacent to a river channel.
(ii) The soil is often very fertile due to the regular deposition of nutrient-rich sediments during floods.
(iii) Flood plains experience periodic flooding when the river overflows its banks.
(iv) They often have meanders (curves or bends) in the river channel.
(v) The area supports lush vegetation because of the availability of water and fertile soil.
(vi) The surface is composed of fine alluvial deposits like silt, clay, and sand.
(vii) Raised banks or levees may form along the edges of the river channel from sediment deposits.
=MODE OF FORMATION OF A FLOOD PLAIN=
(i) When a river exceeds its bank capacity, water spills onto the surrounding land, causing flooding.
(ii) As the floodwater spreads out over the flat land, it slows down and deposits sediments carried from upstream.
(iii) Over many floods, layers of silt, clay, and fine sand accumulate, building up the flood plain.
(iv) The river’s sideways erosion widens the valley floor, contributing to the flood plain’s flatness.
(v) Coarser sediments settle first near the river banks during floods, forming natural levees.
(vi) The flood plain gradually extends as more sediments are deposited with each flood event.
GEOGRAPHY
NUMBER SEVEN
(7a)
PICK ANY THREE
(I) Deflation: The removal of loose particles from the ground surface by wind action.
(ii) Abrasion: The wearing away of surfaces by wind-driven particles.
(iii) Saltation: The bouncing of particles on the ground surface due to wind impact.
(iv) Suspension: The carrying of fine particles in the air by wind.
(v) Creep: The slow downhill movement of larger particles on the ground surface due to wind action.
(7bi)
PICK ANY THREE
(i) Both are landforms created by wind erosion.
(ii) Both have a streamlined shape due to the erosive action of wind.
(iii) Both are found in arid and semi-arid regions.
(iv) Both are formed by the removal of sediments by wind erosion.
(v) Both have a desert-like landscape.
(7bii)
PICK ANY THREE
(I) A zeugen is a small, isolated, streamlined hill, while a yardang is a larger, elongated, streamlined hill.
(ii) A zeugen has a more rounded shape, while a yardang has a more pointed or sharp shape.
(iii) A zeugen is formed by the deposition of wind-blown sediments, while a yardang is formed by the removal of sediments by wind erosion.
(iv) A zeugen is typically found in areas with strong winds and limited vegetation, while a yardang is found in areas with strong winds and more vegetation.
(v) A zeugen is usually less than 100 meters high, while a yardang can be several hundred meters high.
GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL
NUMBER EIGHT
(8a)
A natural environment refers to all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth, including air, water, land, plants, animals, and other natural resources, not created or significantly altered by humans.
(8b)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Deforestation: The large-scale cutting down of trees for timber, agriculture, or urban development destroys habitats, reduces biodiversity, and contributes to climate change.
(ii) Pollution: The release of harmful substances into air, water, and soil from industries, vehicles, and households contaminates natural resources and endangers human and animal life.
(iii) Overgrazing: Excessive grazing by livestock on grasslands removes vegetation cover, leading to soil erosion, desertification, and loss of fertile land.
(iv) Mining Activities: The extraction of minerals from the earth disrupts ecosystems, causes land degradation, and contaminates water sources with toxic chemicals.
(v) Industrialization: The growth of industries often leads to the emission of greenhouse gases, disposal of hazardous wastes, and destruction of natural landscapes for infrastructure.
(vi) Urbanization: Expanding cities encroach upon forests, wetlands, and farmlands, leading to habitat loss and increased waste production.
(vii) Overfishing and Water Misuse: Unsustainable fishing and excessive use or diversion of water bodies for agriculture and human consumption disturb aquatic ecosystems and reduce water availability.
(8c)
(PICK TWO ONLY)
(i) Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting new trees and restoring forests to replace those lost to deforestation helps preserve ecosystems and absorb carbon dioxide.
(ii) Environmental Education: Educating people about the importance of environmental protection encourages sustainable practices and responsible resource use.
(iii) Enforcing Environmental Laws: Implementing and enforcing laws that regulate pollution, waste disposal, and land use can help reduce environmental harm.
(iv) Promoting Renewable Energy: Shifting from fossil fuels to solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources reduces air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
(v) Waste Management and Recycling: Proper disposal, treatment, and recycling of waste materials reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.
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