Introduction
If you’re preparing for the 2025 Post UTME Biology likely questions and answers, this guide is your ultimate weapon for scoring above 90% in your exams. The 2025 Post UTME Biology likely questions and answers in this article are carefully compiled from previous years, exam trends, and updated syllabus requirements. Whether you’re aiming for Medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing, or any science-related course, mastering these questions is the smartest move to secure admission.
2025 Post UTME Biology Likely Questions and Answers
Question 1
Question: ______ is an end product of digestion of fat.
(A) Glucose
(B) Fatty acid
(C) Amino acid
(D) Fructose
(E) Galactose
Topic: Digestion and Macromolecules
Correct Option: (B) Fatty acid
Explanation:
Fats, also known as lipids, are large molecules that cannot be directly absorbed by the body. During digestion, enzymes break them down into smaller, absorbable units. The primary enzyme for fat digestion is lipase, which hydrolyzes fats (triglycerides) into fatty acids and glycerol. These smaller molecules can then be absorbed by the small intestine. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are end products of carbohydrate digestion, while amino acids are the result of protein digestion.
Question 2
Question: Asexual reproduction in Hydra sp. is commonly by
(A) Binary fission
(B) Fragmentation
(C) Budding
(D) Separation
(E) Regeneration
Topic: Asexual Reproduction
Correct Option: (C) Budding
Explanation:
Hydra, a small freshwater invertebrate, primarily reproduces asexually through a process called budding. This process involves the growth of a small projection, or “bud,” from the parent’s body wall. This bud develops into a miniature, genetically identical version of the parent, complete with tentacles and a mouth. Eventually, the new hydra detaches and becomes an independent organism. While Hydra can regenerate from fragments, budding is its most common method of asexual reproduction.
Question 3
Question: Benedict’s solution is used to test for
(A) Carbohydrate
(B) Lipid
(C) Protein
(D) Vitamins
(E) Minerals
Topic: Biochemical Tests
Correct Option: (A) Carbohydrate
Explanation:
Benedict’s solution is a chemical reagent used to detect the presence of reducing sugars, which are a type of carbohydrate. These sugars, such as glucose and fructose, have the ability to donate electrons. When heated with a reducing sugar, the copper(II) sulfate in the blue Benedict’s solution is reduced to copper(I) oxide, causing a color change that can range from green to yellow, orange, or brick-red, depending on the concentration of the sugar. It does not test for lipids, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.
Question 4
Question: Pepsin is an enzyme that digests
(A) Starch
(B) Sugar
(C) Lipid
(D) Fat
(E) Protein
Topic: Human Digestion/Enzymes
Correct Option: (E) Protein
Explanation:
Pepsin is a key digestive enzyme found in the stomach. Its primary function is to begin the breakdown of proteins into smaller units called peptides. Pepsin works best in the highly acidic environment of the stomach, which helps to denature the proteins, making them easier for the enzyme to attack. The digestion of starch begins in the mouth with the enzyme amylase, while fats are primarily digested in the small intestine by lipase.
Question 5
Question: The breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller simpler soluble molecules is called
(A) Excretion
(B) Digestion
(C) Absorption
(D) Reproduction
(E) Ingestion
Topic: Digestive System Processes
Correct Option: (B) Digestion
Explanation:
Digestion is the biological process of breaking down large, insoluble food molecules (like complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) into smaller, water-soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. This process can be mechanical (e.g., chewing) or chemical (involving enzymes). Ingestion is the act of taking food in, absorption is the uptake of nutrients into the body, and excretion is the removal of metabolic waste.
Question 6
Question: The enzyme that curdles milk is
(A) Pepsin
(B) Ptyalin
(C) Renin
(D) Amylase
(E) Trypsin
Topic: Enzymes in Digestion
Correct Option: (C) Renin
Explanation:
Renin, also known as chymosin, is an enzyme found in the stomachs of infant mammals. Its specific function is to curdle, or coagulate, milk. It converts the soluble milk protein caseinogen into the insoluble protein casein. This causes the milk to solidify, slowing its passage through the digestive system and allowing for more efficient digestion by other enzymes like pepsin. Ptyalin and amylase digest carbohydrates, while pepsin and trypsin digest proteins.
Question 7
Question: Which is the enzyme that begins digestion of starch in the mouth?
(A) Ptyalin
(B) Maltase
(C) Amylase
(D) Sucrase
(E) Lactase
Topic: Human Digestion/Enzymes
Correct Option: (A) Ptyalin
Explanation:
The chemical digestion of starch begins in the mouth. Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase, which is also known as ptyalin. Ptyalin starts breaking down complex carbohydrates (starch) into simpler sugars like maltose. While “Amylase” (C) is a correct general term for starch-digesting enzymes, “Ptyalin” (A) is the specific name for the amylase found in saliva. The other enzymes listed (maltase, sucrase, lactase) function later in the small intestine to break down disaccharides.
Question 8
Question: A group of interacting populations in a particular habitat can be described as
(A) biome
(B) biosphere
(C) community
(D) population
(E) ecosystem
Topic: Ecology
Correct Option: (C) community
Explanation:
In ecology, different levels of organization are recognized. A population consists of all the organisms of a single species in a specific area. A community, the next level up, includes all the different populations of various species (e.g., plants, animals, fungi) that live and interact with each other in that same area. An ecosystem includes the community plus the non-living (abiotic) factors of the environment.
Question 9
Question: A habitat can be defined as
(A) a group of animals and plants living within a common boundary.
(B) a place in which plants and animals live.
(C) a community living together in the same place.
(D) different areas, with a common animal and plant population.
(E) None of the above.
Topic: Ecology
Correct Option: (B) a place in which plants and animals live.
Explanation:
A habitat is simply the natural home or environment where an organism, a population, or a community lives. It provides the essential elements for survival, such as food, water, and shelter. Option (A) and (C) are closer to the definition of a community. A habitat is best described as the physical “address” of an organism.
Question 10
Question: A symbiotic relationship in which one organism is completely dependent on another organism is called
(A) Parasitism
(B) Commensalism
(C) Mutualism
(D) Saprophytism
(E) Competition
Topic: Symbiotic Relationships
Correct Option: (A) Parasitism
Explanation:
Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it harm. The parasite is metabolically dependent on the host for its survival, deriving nutrients at the host’s expense. In mutualism, both benefit. In commensalism, one benefits and the other is unaffected. Saprophytism involves feeding on dead organic matter, and is not a relationship between two living organisms.
Question 11
Question: An association between two organisms where both members benefit is known as
(A) symbiosis.
(B) commensalism.
(C) ammensalism.
(D) mutualism.
(E) saprophytism.
Topic: Symbiotic Relationships
Correct Option: (D) mutualism.
Explanation:
Mutualism is a form of symbiosis where both participating organisms derive a benefit from the interaction. A classic example is the relationship between bees and flowers; the bee gets nectar (food), and the flower gets pollinated. Symbiosis is the general term for any close and long-term interaction between two different biological species. Commensalism is where one benefits and the other is unaffected. Amensalism is where one is harmed and the other is unaffected.
Question 12
Question: An instrument used in measuring the speed of wind is
(A) a barometer
(B) a wind gauge
(C) a wind vane
(D) an anemometer
(E) a hydrometer.
Topic: Scientific Instruments
Correct Option: (D) an anemometer
Explanation:
An anemometer is the specific scientific instrument used for measuring wind speed. A wind vane (or weather vane) is used to determine wind direction, not speed. A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, and a hydrometer measures the density of liquids. “Wind gauge” is a general term, but anemometer is the correct technical name.
Question 13
Question: At times hyenas feed on remains of animals killed by other animals. At other times, hyenas themselves kill animals for food. Therefore hyenas may best be described as
(A) scavengers and herbivores
(B) scavengers and parasites
(C) scavengers and predators
(D) herbivores and predators
(E) herbivores and parasites
Topic: Trophic Levels/Feeding Relationships
Correct Option: (C) scavengers and predators
Explanation:
This question describes two different feeding strategies. When a hyena feeds on the remains of an animal killed by another, it is acting as a scavenger. When the hyena hunts and kills an animal for its own food, it is acting as a predator. Since hyenas exhibit both behaviors, they are correctly described as both scavengers and predators. They are not herbivores (plant-eaters) or parasites.
Question 14
Question: Autecology is defined as the study of interrelationship of
(A) many species of organisms and their environment
(B) same species of organisms and their environment.
(C) organisms in the atmosphere.
(D) organisms under the earth’s surface.
(E) None of the above.
Topic: Branches of Ecology
Correct Option: (B) same species of organisms and their environment.
Explanation:
Ecology is broadly divided into two main branches. Autecology is the study of a single species and its relationship with its environment. It focuses on the life history, adaptations, and behavior of individual organisms or a single population. In contrast, synecology (related to option A) is the study of groups of organisms or communities and their relationship with the environment.
Question 15
Question: Autotrophs are also described as
(A) Consumers
(B) Decomposers
(C) Carnivores
(D) Producers
(E) Herbivores
Topic: Trophic Levels/Ecology
Correct Option: (D) Producers
Explanation:
Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from simple inorganic substances, such as carbon dioxide, using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis). Because they produce the initial organic matter for an ecosystem, they are known as producers. Plants, algae, and some bacteria are examples. All other organisms, which get their energy by eating others, are called heterotrophs or consumers (herbivores, carnivores, decomposers).
Conclusion
Preparing for the 2025 Post UTME Biology likely questions and answers is the fastest way to boost your exam score. With the right materials and study plan, securing your admission is absolutely possible.
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